Integrity, descriptions of reality, medical efficacy, social policy, logic, science, ethics, morality and so much more critical human factors all require the avoidance of LOGICAL FALLACIES.
Yet bureaucrats, health authorities, politicians, political leaders, employers, journalists, laymen - almost everyone planetwide used almost every single LOGICAL FALLACY known to mankind in their fear-driven, groupthink, biased, ideological, idiotic, psychological afflictions in response to c19. But as per the Dunning-Kruger Effect, they are all too incompetent to recognize their own incompetence.
I am proud to have been on the right side of ethics, science, morality, integrity, sincerity, modesty, intellect, logic, rationality; the right side of history the entire time!
A big list of logical fallacies (poor thinking) used in the virus response of the 2020s:
Appeal to emotion.
Basing beliefs and actions, and manipulating others in the same way, on emotions and not data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, perspective, or anything objective.
Examples: Forced lockdowns and mandated injections and masks protects our precious health care system; What about all those dying grannies; We're scared so let anyone with any kind of authority do anything they want - to hell with fundamental freedoms, evolved society, scientific principles, ethics; to hell with the young people and their futures.
Appeal to authority / Blind Loyalty / Blind Obedience.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but simply on assumption of expertise by a presumed/inferred authority.
Example: The Prime Minister demands everyone get injected, and the Premier demands we wear masks, and they are important people.
Appeal to anonymous authority.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but simply on assumption of expertise by unnamed authorities.
Example: They say it’s a pandemic of the unvaccinated, and ‘they’ must be authorities.
Ad hoc fallacy.
Rather than admit obvious errors and use of all other fallacies, giving an after-the-fact explanation in hope of supporting a bad argument that has been negated by evidence.
Example: I know we said the injections would end the pandemic, but we didn't know mutations would be so fast.
Ad hominem / against the person / poisoning the well.
Avoiding debating a valid argument by attacking the person instead.
Example: That doctor didn't invent the mRNA technology all by himself so his analysis, criticisms and warnings should be ignored.
Ad hominem tu quoque.
Avoiding debating a valid argument by saying inconsistency invalidates the claim.
Example: That doctor used to claim that mRNA technology was very exciting, but now says to be wary, so all his criticisms and warnings should be ignored.
Ad hoc rescue fallacy.
Trying desperately to explain away failures in order to try to save a cherished belief.
Example: These injections will immunize you from the virus; oops ok these injections will stop transmission of the virus; oops ok herd immunity of 70% will stop transmission of the virus; oops ok herd immunity of 80% will stop transmission of the virus; oops ok herd immunity of 90% will stop transmission of the virus; oops even 100% compliance doesn’t work; oops ok the masks will stop the virus; oops ok the injections will make sure you don’t die from the virus; oops ok the injections will make your symptoms less; oops ok maybe we need more and more injections ...
Ambiguity fallacy.
Using the complexity and nuance of language to misrepresent truth or lead people to believe something associated to a word.
Examples: We’ve created a “vaccine” that does not confer immunity and does not stop transmission; and [not publicly disclosing that] we’ve changed the definitions of “vaccine” and “vaccination”.
Appeal to accomplishment.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a perceived level of accomplishment in a task.
Example: Operation Warp Speed got these injections made in unprecedented time, so everyone should get them now; gibberish like "we had to move at the speed of science".
Appeal to Adverse Consequences.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on what somebody wishes to be true because the alternatives are too undesirable to think about.
Example: These injections have to work because if not we’re all dead.
Appeal to celebrity.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a perceived level of, and enamorment with, celebrity status.
Example: My favourite singer, actor, and sports star said they all got the injections, so I will too.
Appeal to closure / Appeasement.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on wanting to have dealt with the issue / appease anyone applying pressure.
Example: I’m going to get these injections because then I can get a vaccine pass and travel and won’t get fired, and be done with the nuisance.
Appeal to desperation.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but desperately wanting the issue to go away.
Example: I’m going to get these injections because I just want the virus to go away.
Appeal to force / Argumentum ad Baculum.
Rather than entering into debate on a claim based on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, stating or implying that an action should be done arbitrarily and will be forced.
Examples: Endure lockdowns or be jailed; no protesting loss of freedoms or be arrested; we will get everyone injected compulsorily if necessary; just get injected; suck it up; it’s the only alternative.
Appeal to ignorance.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on them not being shown false yet.
Examples: The injections are safe and effective since the people I agree with haven’t said otherwise; I got injected and I feel fine; I don’t understand how this works so they must be right.
Appeal to incredulity.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but because other options sound unbelievable.
Example: Novel injections is the only answer because simply being healthy and eating healthy, or using other medications, relying on millennia of evolved natural bodily processes all sounds too easy, and the simple realities of accepting defeat on a singular chosen path, or that nature can't be defeated quickly is just too difficult to imagine.
Appeal to intuition.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on gut feeling.
Example: I believe these injections and masks work because I just feel they do.
Appeal to popular belief / popularity / bandwagon.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on groupthink, mob mentality, peer pressure.
Examples: It’s fine to mandate injections because lots of people think so; there is pitiful evidence and signs of danger about these injections but it looks like lots of people are lining up.
Appeal to possibility.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on the possibility something might work.
Example: It’s fine to mandate injections and masks, and everyone must obey because this might work.
Appeal to novelty.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but because it’s new.
Example: They just worked really hard on these new injections so they must be safe and effective.
Appeal to probability.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but assuming because something could happen, it will happen.
Example: Because this virus exists, it’s dangerous to absolutely everyone; and because some people are in hospital, everyone will end up in the hospital.
Appeal to tradition.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but because something has been used in such a way before.
Example: Because vaccines have been around forever and they call it a vaccine, it acts like every other vaccine.
Appeal to trust.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but because a source has been trusted in the past.
Example: Because I’ve trusted the legacy media in the past and they are consistently asserting these injections are safe and masks work, I won’t give it a second thought.
Appeal to the law.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but because somebody used the word mandate.
Example: Because these injections and masks are mandated, that sounds an awful lot like a law, so I must obey.
Appeal to fear.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on simple fear.
Example: Social media shows scary pictures and stories, so everyone’s going to die from this virus.
Appeal to ridicule.
Not targeting an opposing view with data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, or anything objective, but on framing the opposing argument with ridicule.
Example: Those who don’t take the injections but use anti-parasite medication are using horse dewormer.
Appeal to spite.
Not targeting an opposing view with data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but using vengeful personal bias.
Example: Those who don’t take the injections without complaint are conspiracy theorists, racists, misogynists, fringe.
Appeal to wishful thinking / positive thinking fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on simple hope.
Example: If you take these injections, you will not get the virus; if you wear masks, you will not get the virus; if we get herd immunity, this is over.
Appeal to anecdotes.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on stories.
Example: I heard a story from somebody who has an on-line friend who died, so everybody is doomed unless they get these injections.
Actions have Consequences.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but a person in power describing an imposed punishment or penalty as a consequence.
Example: Get injected or you're fired.
Argument by pigheadedness.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but by pure mule-headed stubbornness.
Examples: I think injections and masks work, and that’s it; just take the injections or be fired.
Argument by repetition / Big Lie Technique.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but by asserting repeatedly / being gullible enough to be swayed by assertions made repeatedly.
Examples: This is an emergency; they keep saying safe and effective, so they surely are.
Argument from hearsay.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but solely because somebody said somebody said something.
Example: I heard the hospitals are overwhelmed and society is on the verge of collapse so this is an emergency.
Argument from Inertia / Stay the Course.
Basing continued, even demonstrably wrong, beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but because changing course would demonstrate intellectual and moral failure.
Example: Even though hospitalizations and deaths continue to rise almost solely in those who got injected, we need to keep injecting people over and over, and even kids and infants now.
A priori argument.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on starting with a bias and searching for any reasonable-sounding argument in support.
Example: Even though they flip-flopped, they said there was no point to masks at first in order to protect the supply chain.
Base rate fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but by ignoring those exact things in favour of irrelevant information.
Example: Those who didn’t get injected are outcasts and non-conformists.
Begging the question.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a circular argument with the conclusion in the premise.
Example: We are mandating injections and masks because we are responsible for health and safety, and health and safety requires mandating injections and masks.
Belief perseverance bias.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but holding onto held beliefs even when evidence supporting them is completed invalidated, and persisting despite the belief foundations being shown to be false.
Examples: Masks stop viruses, 2 meters distancing stops transmission, and injections are both safe and effective at stopping transmission and conferring immunity.
Big "But" Fallacy.
Describing or ascribing to a generally-accepted moral principle, but immediately and directly negating it without cause.
Examples: “My body, my choice” is a fundamental … but you are mandated to take a novel injection or be censured, ostracized, restricted, dehumanized, discriminated against, and fired; The Bill of Rights and Canadian Constitution provide fundamental protections to Canadians ... but, we think this is an emergency, so we overrule all that; We hired you without it in the contract and have no right to ask about your medical status ... but now we are scared so we insist you take this injection or get fired.
Bribery.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on being rewarded upon compliance.
Example: Take these injections and wear masks and receive free bus fare, ice cream, gift cards, vaccine passes.
Burden of proof shift fallacy.
The unscientific and flawed thinking that those who ask for evidence of claims or question an assertion are the ones who should prove the claims false.
Example: We can’t show any data and haven’t had the passage of time to confirm, but you haven’t shown us to be wrong, so we think the injections are safe and effective.
Choice support bias / Defensiveness bias.
Maintaining unchanging beliefs and actions despite obvious failure because of ethos weakness about looking bad.
Example: Maybe the injections and masks and lockdowns didn’t work, but I still say they were better than the alternatives.
Confirmation bias.
Basing beliefs not on robust data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, or anything objective, but on cherry-picked information, latching onto purported evidence supporting biases while ignoring evidence which does not, sticking obstinately to initial biases and assumptions despite ever-increasing evidence of being wrong.
Examples: Those who got injections aren’t dying, even though they are dead, as we only call them vaccinated after 14 days post-injection, so they don't count. And look - I got the injections and wore masks and I didn't die, so what I already believed about masks and injections being the only things that work, was right! Even though the evidence is ever increasing that the so-called vaccines do nothing to stop transmission or confer immunity, but do cause excess deaths, we should keep injecting with these so-called vaccines.
Composition fallacy.
Basing beliefs about a group not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, or anything objective, but on prejudice.
Examples: Everyone who complains about mandates is a far-right evil person because somebody at a huge rally carried a flag I find offensive; because so many old-agers died, it must be true that so many people of all ages will die.
Deliberate Ignorance.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on simply avoiding all of it.
Examples: I don't want to hear it; don't try to confuse me with the facts; my mind is made up.
Denying the antecedent.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, or anything objective, but on flawed assumptions about the truth of a conclusion whether the premise is true is not.
Example: If someone who takes these injections doesn't get C19, then he acted with caution. Those people didn't get injections, therefore they aren't acting with caution.
Design fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on how the information is presented.
Example: Because the government has colourful charts of deaths with lots of red, all this virus does is cause everybody to die.
Draw Your Own Conclusion fallacy.
Leading others to beliefs and actions not based on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but by slyly-presented facts or stories.
Example: A guy said he’s never going to get the injection, and then he died of something within a month, so draw your own conclusion.
Fact-to-fiction fallacy.
Claiming beliefs and actions are supported by facts that don’t actually support the narrative or argument, while accusing the opponent of rejecting facts.
Example: These injections and masks are the only way to stop this virus, and if you don’t believe it, you aren’t facing facts.
False dilemma.
Basing beliefs and actions not on a spectrum of options, but only two.
Example: We can’t just do nothing so we have to mandate injections; We’re disallowing early treatment protocols and focusing solely on injections.
Faulty comparison.
Basing beliefs and actions on an inappropriate comparison.
Example: Taking these injections is just like getting a tetanus shot, and nobody worries about that.
Gadarene Swine Fallacy.
Making the unconsidered assumption that an individual not in line with a group is the one that’s incorrect, when the individual can be in the right.
Example: That guy who won’t get the injections is going to regret it.
Hasty generalization / jumping to conclusions.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a quick assumption.
Example: Because they said they did studies on the injections, those studies must have been thorough and meticulous.
Heroes All fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on ingratiating team-spiritedness, sanctimonious celebrations of grouping, excitement-building, cliché-recitation.
Examples: We’re all in this together; We’re all heroes who got injected; I got vaccinated [social media graphics].
Ignoring a common cause fallacy.
Claiming one observation must have caused another when yet another linked possibility exists.
Example: I was around someone who didn’t get the injections and I got the virus, so rather than consider that I am unprotected despite injection and vulnerable from all, I attribute the cause to someone who isn’t injected.
Just because fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but by avoiding any accountability and presuming authority.
Examples: Get the injection, just trust me; get the injection because I said so or I’ll fire you.
Just in case fallacy / Worst case fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but in self-deceptive anticipation that it will quell a worst-case scenario.
Examples: I’m going to get the injection just in case I get the virus; Better safe than sorry so we need to force everyone in society to get injected.
Loaded question.
A presumptive and accusatory question designed to imply guilt.
Example: You don’t want the injection but you want to kill grannies do you?
Misleading vividness / Deceptive sharing / Saliency.
Describing an incident in minute and dramatic detail, even if rare, so as to give the appearance of a bigger problem.
Example: Look at the pictures of the people in intensive care and see how they look terrible and can’t breathe, with family standing around crying; this is what always happens if you get this virus.
Moralistic fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a sanctimonious assumption of what universal morality entails.
Example: Everybody should get injected whether they want to or not, whether it is dangerous or not, as it’s the right thing to do.
Moving the goalposts.
Making changes to the goal when failure to meet previous assertions occurs.
Examples: All we need is two weeks to flatten the curve …; all we need is 70% uptake on injections and we’ll have herd immunity ... ; we didn’t know there would be mutations of strain so now we need three years to flatten the curve … ; now we need 85% uptake to have herd immunity …; now we should inject teenagers because it’s not working; now we should inject infants because it’s not working …
Narrative fallacy.
Rather than provide data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, storytelling is used to impart a narrative.
Example: Imagine back in the 1950s, when polio was striking down so many, and especially think of the children. But then a great man worked tirelessly to create a vaccine that ultimately wiped out polio and positively changed the world forever.
Nirvana fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a vision of an idyllic resolution.
Example: Everybody should get injected whether they want to or not, whether it is dangerous or not, so we can have no deaths or illness.
No True Scotsman.
Attempting to impugn the integrity of an opponent by stating that no person truly of a type would act in such a manner, irrespective of actual actions and reality.
Example: Even though you claim to be moral and ethical, no true moral and ethical person would decline to get injected against his or her will.
Non-sequitur.
Rather than provide data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective in support of an argument, making completely unconnected assertions.
Example: Because many are protesting the injection mandates, they are racists and misogynists. The Prime Minister even says so.
Othering / Dehumanization
Rather than provide data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective in support of an argument, making discriminatory statements.
Example: As Prime Minister, I ask, do we tolerate those people, they are taking up space, is there room for them in our country?
Perfectionist fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a value that the only option is perfect success.
Example: One death is too many so we must take away basic freedoms, crash the economy, make everyone stay home, enforce unethical rules.
Plan continuation bias.
Rather than accept or even recognize that changing conditions and growing evidence require reconsideration of plans, simply barrelling ahead with the original bad or failing plan.
Example: It is plainly evident that masking makes no difference, and there is a monumental difference in age cohorts in how the virus affects people, the injections aren't doing anything, but the original plan was to mask and inject everyone at all costs, so we must just keep doing that irrespective of evidence.
Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a perceived cause and effect relationship.
Example: I got injected four times and got the virus but I didn’t die, so the injection worked.
Proof surrogate.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on assertions without evidence with no intent of ever providing any.
Example: These injections and masks work, it is as simple as that; the benefits outweigh the risks even though we are unable to quantify or objectively measure success of either benefit or risk.
Red herring.
Spotlighting irrelevant things in order to distract from data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective.
Example: We use polio vaccines all the time.
Rhetoric of Imperatives.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on the tactic of stating issues in absolutes with presumption of logical or moral imperative.
Example: We simply must save everyone, so everyone simply must get injected.
Righteousness fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on an ill-informed assumption that the claimant’s intentions are honourable, and automatically their claim is valid.
Example: The Prime Minister is ignoring fundamental freedoms and mandating injections and masking but he says it’s for our own good, so I’m fine with it.
Self-righteousness fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a self-sanctimony of superiority, and automatically that the claim is valid.
Example: I’m a nice person, so my beliefs and actions are correct.
Scapegoating.
Unfairly asserting that those who didn’t follow demands or rejected claims are the problem’s cause.
Example: It’s a pandemic of the unvaccinated.
Slippery slope fallacy.
Asserting that if we allow one thing to happen, then another, bad consequences inevitably result.
Example: If we don’t mandate distancing, and then masks, and then lockdowns, and then injections, then the health care system will collapse for sure.
Snow job.
Presenting beliefs and justifying actions based not on robust data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on piling on mountains of cherry-picked, unrepresentative, deviously-manipulated, or marginally-valid information.
Example: Look at all these charts showing those who didn’t get injected dying.
Spotlight fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on the assumption that a small sample size applies to large groups.
Example: People in old-age homes already past their lifespans died, so the virus affects everyone equally and everyone is going to die.
Strawman fallacy.
Creating a false, simplified, purposefully-misrepresented portrait of an opponent’s argument so as to more easily attack an argument that wasn’t even made.
Examples: If you don’t believe these injections should be mandated, you’re an anti-vaxxer and so you’re saying that vaccines don’t have medical value; If you disagree with mandates and protest in response, you’re a terrorist; You obviously don’t trust anybody if you obtain and analyze raw data from other sources.
Sunk cost fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on obstinately sticking to a losing or failed venture because of the investments in reputation, time, money, and other resources.
Example: We bullied, insisted, cheerleaded, forced, demanded, coerced, threatened that masks, lockdowns, and injections were the way to go, played them up incessantly as such, and now can't and won't mention or consider any other options. It just has to work - please, please work!
Sweeping generalization.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a general assumption.
Example: Injections stop viruses.
Two wrongs make a right.
Basing beliefs and actions, despite ethical concerns, on the thought that the wrong will cancel out another wrong.
Examples: The federal government mandated injections or be fired despite constitutional protections, so we as an employer will mandate masks or fire employees to protect everyone; We endlessly underfunded the health care system so we need to mandate injections.
We have to do something fallacy / politician's syllogism.
Rather than obtain data, use logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, and rather than abstain from potentially harmful intervention, provide a performance of political / safety theater.
Example: We have to do something, wearing masks is something, everyone has to wear masks.
Willed ignorance.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, and refusing to change one’s mind despite contradictory evidence.
Example: Despite ever-increasing injuries and deaths from the injections, and despite evidence of non-efficacy of masks, and despite blatant proof that the injections are neither conferring immunity nor stopping spread, the injections and masks protocols are working.
Bonuses:
Dunning-Kruger Effect.
On the likes of safety and efficacy of novel injections, and ethics and legality of mandates, many suffer from the Dunning-Kruger Effect. It is a cognitive bias in which people wrongly overestimate their knowledge or ability in a specific area. This is because of a lack of self-awareness prevents them from accurately assessing their own skills.
Example: I kind of understand how vaccines work, and this is just juice that goes in your arm and makes you no longer vulnerable to C19.
Gaslighting.
Wholly outside any attempt at proper discourse, this is a perverse, personal attack that seeks to deny, invalidate, twist and distort reality, memories, understanding and such, and damage the psyche of another.
Examples:
If you don’t follow the herd mentality and submit to the ever-changing, illogical, unethical requirements and mandates, and since you are angry about the ever-increasing loss of fundamental freedoms, and the threat to your career and livelihood due to mandated loss of bodily autonomy, maybe you should go see a psychiatrist.
You are remembering that wrong. We never said there’s no value in wearing masks, and we never said the injections would make you safe.
We know you got injured by the injection we insisted you take to keep employed here, but you always had the option of saying no, since this was always about informed consent, and we didn’t force you to take it.
Yet bureaucrats, health authorities, politicians, political leaders, employers, journalists, laymen - almost everyone planetwide used almost every single LOGICAL FALLACY known to mankind in their fear-driven, groupthink, biased, ideological, idiotic, psychological afflictions in response to c19. But as per the Dunning-Kruger Effect, they are all too incompetent to recognize their own incompetence.
I am proud to have been on the right side of ethics, science, morality, integrity, sincerity, modesty, intellect, logic, rationality; the right side of history the entire time!
A big list of logical fallacies (poor thinking) used in the virus response of the 2020s:
Appeal to emotion.
Basing beliefs and actions, and manipulating others in the same way, on emotions and not data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, perspective, or anything objective.
Examples: Forced lockdowns and mandated injections and masks protects our precious health care system; What about all those dying grannies; We're scared so let anyone with any kind of authority do anything they want - to hell with fundamental freedoms, evolved society, scientific principles, ethics; to hell with the young people and their futures.
Appeal to authority / Blind Loyalty / Blind Obedience.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but simply on assumption of expertise by a presumed/inferred authority.
Example: The Prime Minister demands everyone get injected, and the Premier demands we wear masks, and they are important people.
Appeal to anonymous authority.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but simply on assumption of expertise by unnamed authorities.
Example: They say it’s a pandemic of the unvaccinated, and ‘they’ must be authorities.
Ad hoc fallacy.
Rather than admit obvious errors and use of all other fallacies, giving an after-the-fact explanation in hope of supporting a bad argument that has been negated by evidence.
Example: I know we said the injections would end the pandemic, but we didn't know mutations would be so fast.
Ad hominem / against the person / poisoning the well.
Avoiding debating a valid argument by attacking the person instead.
Example: That doctor didn't invent the mRNA technology all by himself so his analysis, criticisms and warnings should be ignored.
Ad hominem tu quoque.
Avoiding debating a valid argument by saying inconsistency invalidates the claim.
Example: That doctor used to claim that mRNA technology was very exciting, but now says to be wary, so all his criticisms and warnings should be ignored.
Ad hoc rescue fallacy.
Trying desperately to explain away failures in order to try to save a cherished belief.
Example: These injections will immunize you from the virus; oops ok these injections will stop transmission of the virus; oops ok herd immunity of 70% will stop transmission of the virus; oops ok herd immunity of 80% will stop transmission of the virus; oops ok herd immunity of 90% will stop transmission of the virus; oops even 100% compliance doesn’t work; oops ok the masks will stop the virus; oops ok the injections will make sure you don’t die from the virus; oops ok the injections will make your symptoms less; oops ok maybe we need more and more injections ...
Ambiguity fallacy.
Using the complexity and nuance of language to misrepresent truth or lead people to believe something associated to a word.
Examples: We’ve created a “vaccine” that does not confer immunity and does not stop transmission; and [not publicly disclosing that] we’ve changed the definitions of “vaccine” and “vaccination”.
Appeal to accomplishment.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a perceived level of accomplishment in a task.
Example: Operation Warp Speed got these injections made in unprecedented time, so everyone should get them now; gibberish like "we had to move at the speed of science".
Appeal to Adverse Consequences.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on what somebody wishes to be true because the alternatives are too undesirable to think about.
Example: These injections have to work because if not we’re all dead.
Appeal to celebrity.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a perceived level of, and enamorment with, celebrity status.
Example: My favourite singer, actor, and sports star said they all got the injections, so I will too.
Appeal to closure / Appeasement.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on wanting to have dealt with the issue / appease anyone applying pressure.
Example: I’m going to get these injections because then I can get a vaccine pass and travel and won’t get fired, and be done with the nuisance.
Appeal to desperation.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but desperately wanting the issue to go away.
Example: I’m going to get these injections because I just want the virus to go away.
Appeal to force / Argumentum ad Baculum.
Rather than entering into debate on a claim based on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, stating or implying that an action should be done arbitrarily and will be forced.
Examples: Endure lockdowns or be jailed; no protesting loss of freedoms or be arrested; we will get everyone injected compulsorily if necessary; just get injected; suck it up; it’s the only alternative.
Appeal to ignorance.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on them not being shown false yet.
Examples: The injections are safe and effective since the people I agree with haven’t said otherwise; I got injected and I feel fine; I don’t understand how this works so they must be right.
Appeal to incredulity.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but because other options sound unbelievable.
Example: Novel injections is the only answer because simply being healthy and eating healthy, or using other medications, relying on millennia of evolved natural bodily processes all sounds too easy, and the simple realities of accepting defeat on a singular chosen path, or that nature can't be defeated quickly is just too difficult to imagine.
Appeal to intuition.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on gut feeling.
Example: I believe these injections and masks work because I just feel they do.
Appeal to popular belief / popularity / bandwagon.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on groupthink, mob mentality, peer pressure.
Examples: It’s fine to mandate injections because lots of people think so; there is pitiful evidence and signs of danger about these injections but it looks like lots of people are lining up.
Appeal to possibility.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on the possibility something might work.
Example: It’s fine to mandate injections and masks, and everyone must obey because this might work.
Appeal to novelty.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but because it’s new.
Example: They just worked really hard on these new injections so they must be safe and effective.
Appeal to probability.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but assuming because something could happen, it will happen.
Example: Because this virus exists, it’s dangerous to absolutely everyone; and because some people are in hospital, everyone will end up in the hospital.
Appeal to tradition.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but because something has been used in such a way before.
Example: Because vaccines have been around forever and they call it a vaccine, it acts like every other vaccine.
Appeal to trust.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but because a source has been trusted in the past.
Example: Because I’ve trusted the legacy media in the past and they are consistently asserting these injections are safe and masks work, I won’t give it a second thought.
Appeal to the law.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but because somebody used the word mandate.
Example: Because these injections and masks are mandated, that sounds an awful lot like a law, so I must obey.
Appeal to fear.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on simple fear.
Example: Social media shows scary pictures and stories, so everyone’s going to die from this virus.
Appeal to ridicule.
Not targeting an opposing view with data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, or anything objective, but on framing the opposing argument with ridicule.
Example: Those who don’t take the injections but use anti-parasite medication are using horse dewormer.
Appeal to spite.
Not targeting an opposing view with data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but using vengeful personal bias.
Example: Those who don’t take the injections without complaint are conspiracy theorists, racists, misogynists, fringe.
Appeal to wishful thinking / positive thinking fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on simple hope.
Example: If you take these injections, you will not get the virus; if you wear masks, you will not get the virus; if we get herd immunity, this is over.
Appeal to anecdotes.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on stories.
Example: I heard a story from somebody who has an on-line friend who died, so everybody is doomed unless they get these injections.
Actions have Consequences.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but a person in power describing an imposed punishment or penalty as a consequence.
Example: Get injected or you're fired.
Argument by pigheadedness.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but by pure mule-headed stubbornness.
Examples: I think injections and masks work, and that’s it; just take the injections or be fired.
Argument by repetition / Big Lie Technique.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but by asserting repeatedly / being gullible enough to be swayed by assertions made repeatedly.
Examples: This is an emergency; they keep saying safe and effective, so they surely are.
Argument from hearsay.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but solely because somebody said somebody said something.
Example: I heard the hospitals are overwhelmed and society is on the verge of collapse so this is an emergency.
Argument from Inertia / Stay the Course.
Basing continued, even demonstrably wrong, beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but because changing course would demonstrate intellectual and moral failure.
Example: Even though hospitalizations and deaths continue to rise almost solely in those who got injected, we need to keep injecting people over and over, and even kids and infants now.
A priori argument.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on starting with a bias and searching for any reasonable-sounding argument in support.
Example: Even though they flip-flopped, they said there was no point to masks at first in order to protect the supply chain.
Base rate fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but by ignoring those exact things in favour of irrelevant information.
Example: Those who didn’t get injected are outcasts and non-conformists.
Begging the question.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a circular argument with the conclusion in the premise.
Example: We are mandating injections and masks because we are responsible for health and safety, and health and safety requires mandating injections and masks.
Belief perseverance bias.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but holding onto held beliefs even when evidence supporting them is completed invalidated, and persisting despite the belief foundations being shown to be false.
Examples: Masks stop viruses, 2 meters distancing stops transmission, and injections are both safe and effective at stopping transmission and conferring immunity.
Big "But" Fallacy.
Describing or ascribing to a generally-accepted moral principle, but immediately and directly negating it without cause.
Examples: “My body, my choice” is a fundamental … but you are mandated to take a novel injection or be censured, ostracized, restricted, dehumanized, discriminated against, and fired; The Bill of Rights and Canadian Constitution provide fundamental protections to Canadians ... but, we think this is an emergency, so we overrule all that; We hired you without it in the contract and have no right to ask about your medical status ... but now we are scared so we insist you take this injection or get fired.
Bribery.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on being rewarded upon compliance.
Example: Take these injections and wear masks and receive free bus fare, ice cream, gift cards, vaccine passes.
Burden of proof shift fallacy.
The unscientific and flawed thinking that those who ask for evidence of claims or question an assertion are the ones who should prove the claims false.
Example: We can’t show any data and haven’t had the passage of time to confirm, but you haven’t shown us to be wrong, so we think the injections are safe and effective.
Choice support bias / Defensiveness bias.
Maintaining unchanging beliefs and actions despite obvious failure because of ethos weakness about looking bad.
Example: Maybe the injections and masks and lockdowns didn’t work, but I still say they were better than the alternatives.
Confirmation bias.
Basing beliefs not on robust data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, or anything objective, but on cherry-picked information, latching onto purported evidence supporting biases while ignoring evidence which does not, sticking obstinately to initial biases and assumptions despite ever-increasing evidence of being wrong.
Examples: Those who got injections aren’t dying, even though they are dead, as we only call them vaccinated after 14 days post-injection, so they don't count. And look - I got the injections and wore masks and I didn't die, so what I already believed about masks and injections being the only things that work, was right! Even though the evidence is ever increasing that the so-called vaccines do nothing to stop transmission or confer immunity, but do cause excess deaths, we should keep injecting with these so-called vaccines.
Composition fallacy.
Basing beliefs about a group not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, or anything objective, but on prejudice.
Examples: Everyone who complains about mandates is a far-right evil person because somebody at a huge rally carried a flag I find offensive; because so many old-agers died, it must be true that so many people of all ages will die.
Deliberate Ignorance.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on simply avoiding all of it.
Examples: I don't want to hear it; don't try to confuse me with the facts; my mind is made up.
Denying the antecedent.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, or anything objective, but on flawed assumptions about the truth of a conclusion whether the premise is true is not.
Example: If someone who takes these injections doesn't get C19, then he acted with caution. Those people didn't get injections, therefore they aren't acting with caution.
Design fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on how the information is presented.
Example: Because the government has colourful charts of deaths with lots of red, all this virus does is cause everybody to die.
Draw Your Own Conclusion fallacy.
Leading others to beliefs and actions not based on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but by slyly-presented facts or stories.
Example: A guy said he’s never going to get the injection, and then he died of something within a month, so draw your own conclusion.
Fact-to-fiction fallacy.
Claiming beliefs and actions are supported by facts that don’t actually support the narrative or argument, while accusing the opponent of rejecting facts.
Example: These injections and masks are the only way to stop this virus, and if you don’t believe it, you aren’t facing facts.
False dilemma.
Basing beliefs and actions not on a spectrum of options, but only two.
Example: We can’t just do nothing so we have to mandate injections; We’re disallowing early treatment protocols and focusing solely on injections.
Faulty comparison.
Basing beliefs and actions on an inappropriate comparison.
Example: Taking these injections is just like getting a tetanus shot, and nobody worries about that.
Gadarene Swine Fallacy.
Making the unconsidered assumption that an individual not in line with a group is the one that’s incorrect, when the individual can be in the right.
Example: That guy who won’t get the injections is going to regret it.
Hasty generalization / jumping to conclusions.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a quick assumption.
Example: Because they said they did studies on the injections, those studies must have been thorough and meticulous.
Heroes All fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on ingratiating team-spiritedness, sanctimonious celebrations of grouping, excitement-building, cliché-recitation.
Examples: We’re all in this together; We’re all heroes who got injected; I got vaccinated [social media graphics].
Ignoring a common cause fallacy.
Claiming one observation must have caused another when yet another linked possibility exists.
Example: I was around someone who didn’t get the injections and I got the virus, so rather than consider that I am unprotected despite injection and vulnerable from all, I attribute the cause to someone who isn’t injected.
Just because fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but by avoiding any accountability and presuming authority.
Examples: Get the injection, just trust me; get the injection because I said so or I’ll fire you.
Just in case fallacy / Worst case fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but in self-deceptive anticipation that it will quell a worst-case scenario.
Examples: I’m going to get the injection just in case I get the virus; Better safe than sorry so we need to force everyone in society to get injected.
Loaded question.
A presumptive and accusatory question designed to imply guilt.
Example: You don’t want the injection but you want to kill grannies do you?
Misleading vividness / Deceptive sharing / Saliency.
Describing an incident in minute and dramatic detail, even if rare, so as to give the appearance of a bigger problem.
Example: Look at the pictures of the people in intensive care and see how they look terrible and can’t breathe, with family standing around crying; this is what always happens if you get this virus.
Moralistic fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a sanctimonious assumption of what universal morality entails.
Example: Everybody should get injected whether they want to or not, whether it is dangerous or not, as it’s the right thing to do.
Moving the goalposts.
Making changes to the goal when failure to meet previous assertions occurs.
Examples: All we need is two weeks to flatten the curve …; all we need is 70% uptake on injections and we’ll have herd immunity ... ; we didn’t know there would be mutations of strain so now we need three years to flatten the curve … ; now we need 85% uptake to have herd immunity …; now we should inject teenagers because it’s not working; now we should inject infants because it’s not working …
Narrative fallacy.
Rather than provide data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, storytelling is used to impart a narrative.
Example: Imagine back in the 1950s, when polio was striking down so many, and especially think of the children. But then a great man worked tirelessly to create a vaccine that ultimately wiped out polio and positively changed the world forever.
Nirvana fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a vision of an idyllic resolution.
Example: Everybody should get injected whether they want to or not, whether it is dangerous or not, so we can have no deaths or illness.
No True Scotsman.
Attempting to impugn the integrity of an opponent by stating that no person truly of a type would act in such a manner, irrespective of actual actions and reality.
Example: Even though you claim to be moral and ethical, no true moral and ethical person would decline to get injected against his or her will.
Non-sequitur.
Rather than provide data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective in support of an argument, making completely unconnected assertions.
Example: Because many are protesting the injection mandates, they are racists and misogynists. The Prime Minister even says so.
Othering / Dehumanization
Rather than provide data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective in support of an argument, making discriminatory statements.
Example: As Prime Minister, I ask, do we tolerate those people, they are taking up space, is there room for them in our country?
Perfectionist fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a value that the only option is perfect success.
Example: One death is too many so we must take away basic freedoms, crash the economy, make everyone stay home, enforce unethical rules.
Plan continuation bias.
Rather than accept or even recognize that changing conditions and growing evidence require reconsideration of plans, simply barrelling ahead with the original bad or failing plan.
Example: It is plainly evident that masking makes no difference, and there is a monumental difference in age cohorts in how the virus affects people, the injections aren't doing anything, but the original plan was to mask and inject everyone at all costs, so we must just keep doing that irrespective of evidence.
Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a perceived cause and effect relationship.
Example: I got injected four times and got the virus but I didn’t die, so the injection worked.
Proof surrogate.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on assertions without evidence with no intent of ever providing any.
Example: These injections and masks work, it is as simple as that; the benefits outweigh the risks even though we are unable to quantify or objectively measure success of either benefit or risk.
Red herring.
Spotlighting irrelevant things in order to distract from data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective.
Example: We use polio vaccines all the time.
Rhetoric of Imperatives.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on the tactic of stating issues in absolutes with presumption of logical or moral imperative.
Example: We simply must save everyone, so everyone simply must get injected.
Righteousness fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on an ill-informed assumption that the claimant’s intentions are honourable, and automatically their claim is valid.
Example: The Prime Minister is ignoring fundamental freedoms and mandating injections and masking but he says it’s for our own good, so I’m fine with it.
Self-righteousness fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a self-sanctimony of superiority, and automatically that the claim is valid.
Example: I’m a nice person, so my beliefs and actions are correct.
Scapegoating.
Unfairly asserting that those who didn’t follow demands or rejected claims are the problem’s cause.
Example: It’s a pandemic of the unvaccinated.
Slippery slope fallacy.
Asserting that if we allow one thing to happen, then another, bad consequences inevitably result.
Example: If we don’t mandate distancing, and then masks, and then lockdowns, and then injections, then the health care system will collapse for sure.
Snow job.
Presenting beliefs and justifying actions based not on robust data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on piling on mountains of cherry-picked, unrepresentative, deviously-manipulated, or marginally-valid information.
Example: Look at all these charts showing those who didn’t get injected dying.
Spotlight fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on the assumption that a small sample size applies to large groups.
Example: People in old-age homes already past their lifespans died, so the virus affects everyone equally and everyone is going to die.
Strawman fallacy.
Creating a false, simplified, purposefully-misrepresented portrait of an opponent’s argument so as to more easily attack an argument that wasn’t even made.
Examples: If you don’t believe these injections should be mandated, you’re an anti-vaxxer and so you’re saying that vaccines don’t have medical value; If you disagree with mandates and protest in response, you’re a terrorist; You obviously don’t trust anybody if you obtain and analyze raw data from other sources.
Sunk cost fallacy.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on obstinately sticking to a losing or failed venture because of the investments in reputation, time, money, and other resources.
Example: We bullied, insisted, cheerleaded, forced, demanded, coerced, threatened that masks, lockdowns, and injections were the way to go, played them up incessantly as such, and now can't and won't mention or consider any other options. It just has to work - please, please work!
Sweeping generalization.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, but on a general assumption.
Example: Injections stop viruses.
Two wrongs make a right.
Basing beliefs and actions, despite ethical concerns, on the thought that the wrong will cancel out another wrong.
Examples: The federal government mandated injections or be fired despite constitutional protections, so we as an employer will mandate masks or fire employees to protect everyone; We endlessly underfunded the health care system so we need to mandate injections.
We have to do something fallacy / politician's syllogism.
Rather than obtain data, use logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, and rather than abstain from potentially harmful intervention, provide a performance of political / safety theater.
Example: We have to do something, wearing masks is something, everyone has to wear masks.
Willed ignorance.
Basing beliefs and actions not on data, logic, analysis, scientific method, medical process, statistical perspective, or anything objective, and refusing to change one’s mind despite contradictory evidence.
Example: Despite ever-increasing injuries and deaths from the injections, and despite evidence of non-efficacy of masks, and despite blatant proof that the injections are neither conferring immunity nor stopping spread, the injections and masks protocols are working.
Bonuses:
Dunning-Kruger Effect.
On the likes of safety and efficacy of novel injections, and ethics and legality of mandates, many suffer from the Dunning-Kruger Effect. It is a cognitive bias in which people wrongly overestimate their knowledge or ability in a specific area. This is because of a lack of self-awareness prevents them from accurately assessing their own skills.
Example: I kind of understand how vaccines work, and this is just juice that goes in your arm and makes you no longer vulnerable to C19.
Gaslighting.
Wholly outside any attempt at proper discourse, this is a perverse, personal attack that seeks to deny, invalidate, twist and distort reality, memories, understanding and such, and damage the psyche of another.
Examples:
If you don’t follow the herd mentality and submit to the ever-changing, illogical, unethical requirements and mandates, and since you are angry about the ever-increasing loss of fundamental freedoms, and the threat to your career and livelihood due to mandated loss of bodily autonomy, maybe you should go see a psychiatrist.
You are remembering that wrong. We never said there’s no value in wearing masks, and we never said the injections would make you safe.
We know you got injured by the injection we insisted you take to keep employed here, but you always had the option of saying no, since this was always about informed consent, and we didn’t force you to take it.